Roman Art Vs. Greek Art Essays - Visual Arts, Ancient Greece

Roman Art Vs. Greek Art Paul Johnson Debbie Barret-Graves Western Civilization 10/29/00 Roman Art Vs. Greek Art Throughout history art has consistently reflected the cultural values and social structures of individual civilizations. Ancient art serves as a useful tool to help historians decipher some important aspects of ancient culture. From art we can determine the basic moral and philosophical beliefs of many ancient societies. The differences in arts purpose in Greece and Rome, for example, show us the fundamental differences in each culture's political and moral system. The primary objective of Greek art was to explore the order of nature and to convey philosophical thought, while Roman art was used primarily as a medium to project the authority and importance of the current ruler and the greatness of his empire. This change in the meaning of art from Greek to Roman times shows the gradual decline in the importance of intellectualism in ancient western culture. The earliest example of how art reflects the basic moral and philosophical belief systems in individual cultures is seen in the Ancient Egyptian empire. The art of this time was highly idealized and mainly focused on displaying the divinity and importance of the Pharaoh. The most famous examples of this Theocratic influence on art are the Great Sphinx and the Pyramids of Chefren. The massive size and artistic perfection of these works, which were mainly dedicated to expressing the divinity of the Pharaoh, show that Egyptian society was based primarily on mythological law. The highly idealized, mythological style of Egyptian art suggests that Egyptian culture as a whole was not concerned with scientific and mathematical truths. Arts reflection of culture and society extends to the Greek and Roman empires, and shows the importance of intellectualism within each culture. It is apparent that from the beginnings of Greek art, meticulous order and precision were held on a high plateau. The Protogeometric and Geometric periods are good examples of such advanced thinking. The beginnings of the Protogeometric period display a distinct interest in mathematical order. During this period, artists decorated vases with circles and symmetrical patterns. As the dominant style changed from Protogeometric to Geometric, this order and precision was amplified. The popular ?circle and semicircle patterns were replaced by linear designs, zigzags, triangles, diamonds, and meanders? (Cunningham and Reich, 40). The increased interest in order seems to have been a reflection of the Greek fascination with nature, and man's relationship to nature. This interest in the order of nature eventually evolved into a fascination with the human form and the idea of human perfection. The way in which the perfect human form was portrayed by Greek artists was of a highly intellectual nature. The early sculptors of the period explored basic human anatomy and its aesthetic value, creating such sculptures as the Kritios Boy, of the Acropolis. The precision and realism of this sculpture captured a more accurate portrayal of the human form than ever before seen. This accomplishment in itself showed strong advancements in intellectual thought, and inspired future generations to further explore aesthetic and order. Artist such as Polyclitius later envisioned human perfection as a series of mathematical proportions. The Doryphoros, a sculpture done by Polycleatus himself, serves as an excellent example of how art reflects philosophical thought. This sculpture was constructed using a strict mathematical formula that was believed to represent the p erfect male body. (Cunningham and Reich, 87) Greek philosophers such as Aristotle further explored the value and importance of visual perfection and its effect on human consciousness. This exploration was later developed into a branch of philosophy known as Aesthetics. Aesthetics studied the nature and expression of beauty through art as well as the psychological responses to that beauty. Aesthetics arguably represented the highest intellectual point in Greek art and continued to influence philosophers and artists throughout the Hellenistic period. The fact that Greek civilization reached a point at which its art reflected some of the most refined thought ever recorded in the ancient world shows the importance of intellectualism in this great culture. In contrast, Roman art was used as propaganda that displayed the authority and greatness of Rome's current ruler; this in no way reflected evolution of thought. The Romans borrowed creative artistic ideas from the cultures that they conquered

Blair is becoming Bush essays

Blair is becoming Bush essays The argument that the prime minister is becoming more like the president is based on the prime ministers desire to be separated from his government. This is how the American system works the president is in charge but must use the supreme court or house of representatives who may be run by a separate party to the president, however the prime minister is the same party as the majority in the house of commons so has complete control as his party must tow the line. By detaching himself from his party and parliament he is seen more as a leader of the nation rather than his party. In some cases this allows other ministers to take the public blame for certain decisions. In recent year Blair has greatly increased the size of his staff in ten Downing Street. This has made Downing street more like the white house in terms of independent administration. The increased growth in number 10 places natural limits on his powers and is seen more as a sign of weakness than power a number of PMs have been unable to deliver as much as they would have liked. Margaret Thatcher had around 100 staff; John Major raised this to 150 but Tony Blair has a staff of nearly 300. The Pm has reduced the length of cabinet meetings. Most cabinet meetings are reduced to 45 minutes. They are mainly used to finalise decisions, which have already been sorted by ministers or in one of Tonys bi-laterals. These meetings allow Tony more control over his ministers and hence the party. It is almost impossible to overpower Blair in these meetings, which allows him to be omnipotent in the matters discussed. The only man who is able to voice his opinion is said to be Gordon Brown who Blair must listen to in terms of his experience and his following and respect in the party. This solitary, Presidential style was seen in the recent Iraq conflict where the PM addressed the nation from his office which is the way in which presidents in Am...

Most Powerful CoSchedule Calendar For Solopreneurs Live Demo Recap

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PM Company (International Business Practices) Essay

PM Company (International Business Practices) - Essay Example The balance between two types is an effective method for PM Company, because it is closely related to delegation of authority and is concerned with what should be transferred down, what policies are needed to guide actions and the need to train and select people and control their actions. Decentralization is closely related to delegation, but it includes all areas of management and requires a great deal more than handing authority to subordinates. In contrast to centralization, decentralization will help to avoid duplication of efforts, and overcome lack of sufficient flexibility to permit immediate reactions to local problems. New strategy will require additional spending and staff, a new department of international trade and opening new offices abroad. Organizational activities should be organized into separate product businesses, each having its own market and responsible for its own profit or loss. In general, this strategy will help PM Company to penetrate new markets faster and attract wider target audience delivering a wide range of the company's products. Using this organizational structure, PM Company can extend its international expansion plans, and cover more foreign countries, for instance, European and Asian market.

Analysis data by SPSS software Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Analysis data by SPSS software - Essay Example Planning in work area based on fulfilling the needs of your customers, monitoring on an ongoing basis the needs of your customer and your success in meeting them, developing customer loyalty and advocacy rather than just keeping customers satisfied and having a clear understanding of how to keep your customers satisfied are other attributes which need to be factored in the company planning. In addition, being able to make or influence changes you believe to be to the benefit of staff work area, recognizing and rewarding staff excellence and initiative, being fully involved in the development of objectives and plans that relate to different jobs and actively encouraging and rewarding innovation in different work areas. The research paper was based on a manufacturing company which was dealing with kitchen and bathroom cabinetry. The company had the interest in determining staff satisfaction levels across its functional areas. The main purpose of the research findings on customer satisfaction was to enable the company position itself in the industry and to retain quality staff (in a field with few professional) for greater competitive advantage. Further, the survey had been occasioned by high staff turnovers leading to huge company losses. The mean, minimum response, maximum response and the standard deviation of the staff responses were determined (see table 2 above). Further, value 3 was considered as the average response and all values greater that 3 were admitted as above average performance while values lower than 3 were admitted as poor performance. Statements with a value less than 3 were to be considered as problematic areas which needed total consideration if the company is to do better. In terms of communication and feedback, it is evident that the mean difference of the responses; you receive regular feedback on the progress of your work area and you receive

Spike Lee Analysis Essay -- essays research papers

The thread of African American history is spun from two sources: the struggle to define a place in the wider American life and the effort to maintain an authentic black presence in the larger American culture. This duality has meaning in the realm of filmmaking because the tools of cinema, film and cameras, cost more than the paper and pencil tools of writers. It is the cost of doing business that affects, indeed, threatens the black presence on the screen. The costly collaborative nature of filmmaking has blurred the definition of a "black" movie. Is it black if it is merely angled toward blacks, or must it be made by blacks, or both? Spike Lee has established himself as one of Hollywood's most important and influential filmmakers in the past decade. In the critically acclaimed...

The Disadvantages of Smoking in Facilities

The Disadvantages of Smoking in Facilities A decade ago, it wasn’t unusual to see people smoking in public buildings. It seemed that everywhere people went there were countless chain-smokers lighting up cigarettes in public facilities where the smoke consumed anything in its path. Presently, there has been a policy around the nation that has canceled out the bad habit of smoking in public buildings’. This has removed the common issue of an untidy, reeking fire hazard waiting to happen.I couldn’t be happier with the idea of walking into a room and not dealing with the sight of ashtrays piled in every corner, and the walls drenched in brown tar. As a child I remember flinching at the thought of going out to dinner with my family and being seated in the smoking section if the smoke free section was full. I hated sitting down after someone who just finished smoking in the area where I wanted to enjoy my meal. Most times I would wait for my family to finish dinner so I could take my meal home.The inconvenience had me irritated when all I wanted was a stress free night out. But, the appearance of a public place was the least of my problems. From what I can remember, the dreadful part about being a non-smoker in a smoking environment was being trapped in the stench. It didn’t matter how hard I tried to get away from cigarette smoke the odor would follow. In my opinion, the smell of cigarettes comes close in comparison of spoiled eggs left out in the sun. Which caused my eye’s to water and my stomach to become upset.Imagine that smell leaking onto your clothes and having to wear it around for the rest of the day. I never understood why someone wanted to inhaled something that smelled so horrible, and have non-smokers around them to suffer at their caught? Not only is the smell of cigarettes harmful and disgusting to nonsmokers. Allowing people to smoke inside buildings is unsafe. I’ve even witnessed a cigarette to start burning 72 hours after being put out. If someone isn’t careful they can leave a cigarette to re-burn in an astray and cause a fire.I personally don’t want to be put in a situation where my life is in someone else’s hands. It’s scary to think that something as small as a cigarette can burn down a whole forest. Whether someone smokes or not, a policy causing public buildings to become smoke free is a good idea. Smokers might not be able to enjoy a cigarette while inside a public facility, but it wouldn’t limit them from smoking at all instead of doing it in someone else’s expense. It also eliminates the negative feedback that non-smokers would have concerning their health or safety. The Disadvantages of Smoking in Facilities The Disadvantages of Smoking in Facilities A decade ago, it wasn’t unusual to see people smoking in public buildings. It seemed that everywhere people went there were countless chain-smokers lighting up cigarettes in public facilities where the smoke consumed anything in its path. Presently, there has been a policy around the nation that has canceled out the bad habit of smoking in public buildings’. This has removed the common issue of an untidy, reeking fire hazard waiting to happen.I couldn’t be happier with the idea of walking into a room and not dealing with the sight of ashtrays piled in every corner, and the walls drenched in brown tar. As a child I remember flinching at the thought of going out to dinner with my family and being seated in the smoking section if the smoke free section was full. I hated sitting down after someone who just finished smoking in the area where I wanted to enjoy my meal. Most times I would wait for my family to finish dinner so I could take my meal home.The inconvenience had me irritated when all I wanted was a stress free night out. But, the appearance of a public place was the least of my problems. From what I can remember, the dreadful part about being a non-smoker in a smoking environment was being trapped in the stench. It didn’t matter how hard I tried to get away from cigarette smoke the odor would follow. In my opinion, the smell of cigarettes comes close in comparison of spoiled eggs left out in the sun. Which caused my eye’s to water and my stomach to become upset.Imagine that smell leaking onto your clothes and having to wear it around for the rest of the day. I never understood why someone wanted to inhaled something that smelled so horrible, and have non-smokers around them to suffer at their caught? Not only is the smell of cigarettes harmful and disgusting to nonsmokers. Allowing people to smoke inside buildings is unsafe. I’ve even witnessed a cigarette to start burning 72 hours after being put out. If someone isn’t careful they can leave a cigarette to re-burn in an astray and cause a fire.I personally don’t want to be put in a situation where my life is in someone else’s hands. It’s scary to think that something as small as a cigarette can burn down a whole forest. Whether someone smokes or not, a policy causing public buildings to become smoke free is a good idea. Smokers might not be able to enjoy a cigarette while inside a public facility, but it wouldn’t limit them from smoking at all instead of doing it in someone else’s expense. It also eliminates the negative feedback that non-smokers would have concerning their health or safety.